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Basics @Home

  • Introduction
  • Upgrade router firmware
  • Protect router management
  • Turn it off
  • Port forwarding
  • Routing audit
    • Small Organisation Intranet Routing Audit
    • Home/Lab Network Routing Audit
  • Services audit
    • Questions
    • Disable services when not needed

OpenWRT @Home

  • Introduction
  • Flash router with other firmware
    • DD-WRT
    • OpenWrt
      • Example: Flashing a TL-WR841N(D)
  • DropBear SSH public key authentication
    • Running SSH on another port
    • Whitelisting IP’s
  • Nethogs
  • Portknocking
    • Resources

Wireless @Home

  • Introduction
  • Reduce wireless signal strength
  • Change router defaults
  • Disable SSID broadcasting
  • Enable encryption
    • Use the strongest encryption protocol available
  • Notes on WPS
    • Check for WPS
    • Warnings
  • Unauthorised devices
  • Restrict by MAC address
  • Use certificate-based security

Router audit scripts @GitHub

  • Intranet router audit scripts
  • ISP-grade router audit scripts
  • Carrier-grade router audit scripts

Intranet

  • Introduction
    • What?
    • Why?
    • How?
  • Secured NAT router
    • Benefits
    • When and where is this useful?
    • Flash custom firmware (Replace stock OS)
    • Harden the firewall
      • Default-Deny policy
      • Restrict LAN → Router access
      • Block WAN ping & scans
    • Secure Router access
      • Change default credentials
      • Enable SSH (With Key Auth)
      • Restrict Web Admin access
    • Enable VPN-Only remote access
      • Set Up WireGuard (OpenWRT)
      • Block All WAN admin access
    • Monitor & log attacks
      • Enable logging
      • Intrusion Detection (Snort/Suricata)
    • Physical security
  • LAN segmentation
    • Benefits
    • Plan Your VLAN Structure
    • Configuring VLANs on a Router/Switch
      • Option A: Using a VLAN-Capable Router (e.g., pfSense, OpenWRT, Ubiquiti)
      • Option B: Using a managed switch
    • Apply Network Isolation (Critical Step!)
    • Test & verify isolation
  • ARP mitigations
    • Static ARP entries (prevent spoofing)
    • DHCP snooping + dynamic ARP inspection (DAI)
    • ARP monitoring tools
    • Port security (MAC filtering)
    • VPN/Encryption (Mitigate MITM impact)
    • Network segmentation (VLANs + Private VLANs)
    • ARP Spoofing detection tools
  • DNS mitigations
    • DNS Server audit trails & logging
    • Whitelist valid DNS servers
    • DNSSEC (DNS security extensions)
    • Block malicious DNS exploits
    • Monitor & detect suspicious DNS activity
    • Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) for DNS
    • Block Unauthorized DNS Services
  • NFTables
    • For NAT
  • Snortbox as IDS
    • Promiscuous mode setup
    • Snort configuration for specific IP & port
      • Option 1: BPF Filter (pre-capture filtering)
      • Option 2: Snort Rule (post-capture Filtering)
    • Verify & run Snort
    • Port Mirroring/SPAN (If needed)
  • Beyond basic protections
    • Network segmentation & Zero Trust
      • Micro-Segmentation
      • Software-Defined Networking (SDN)
    • Advanced traffic monitoring
      • NetFlow/sFlow analysis
      • Encrypted traffic inspection
    • Endpoint & server hardening
      • Network Access Control (NAC)
      • Host-Based firewalls
      • Disable legacy protocols
    • Threat hunting & deception
      • Honeypots
      • Endpoint Detection & Response (EDR)
    • Physical & supply chain security
      • Secure Network Hardware
      • Firmware integrity checks
    • Logging & incident response
      • Centralized SIEM
      • Automated Response
    • Wireless Security (If applicable)
      • WPA3-Enterprise
      • Rogue AP detection
    • And more

Internet

  • Introduction
    • What?
    • Why?
    • How?
  • Critical internet-wide mitigations
    • Universal adoption of RPKI & BGPsec
    • QUIC/HTTP3 Encryption by default
    • Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) migration
    • Mandatory DDoS mitigation for all networks
    • IoT security standards
    • Decentralized identity (Beyond certificates)
    • AI-Powered threat detection
    • Global Cyber warfare treaties
    • Privacy-Enhancing technologies (PETs)
    • Ethical hacktivism legalisation
    • Why these mitigations matter
  • BGP hijacking mitigations
    • Deploy RPKI (Resource Public Key Infrastructure)
      • For Network Operators (AS Owners)
      • For ISPs & transit providers
    • Use BGPsec (Path Validation)
    • Implement Prefix Filtering & IRR (Internet Routing Registry)
    • Monitor BGP in Real-Time
      • BGP Monitoring Tools
      • Detect Anomalies via RTT & TTL
    • Collaborate with MANRS (Mutually Agreed Norms for Routing Security)
    • Deploy automated mitigation
      • ARTEMIS (Open-Source)
      • Cloudflare magic transit
    • ISP best practices
  • Certificate validation
    • Certificate Pinning (HPKP Replacement)
      • Expect-CT Header (Certificate Transparency Enforcement)
      • Certificate Authority Authorization (CAA)
      • Trusted Types (Browser-Level pinning)
    • Extended Validation (EV) certificates
    • Certificate Transparency (CT)
    • Multi-Perspective Domain Validation
    • ACME DNS-01 Challenges (Not HTTP-01)
    • Short-Lived Certificates (Automated Rotation)
    • Post-Quantum certificates (Future-proofing)
  • Deploying Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)
    • Prerequisites
    • Create ROAs (Route Origin Authorizations)
      • Log in to Your RIR Portal
      • Create a ROA
    • Configure RPKI Validation on Routers
      • Cisco IOS-XR
      • Juniper JunOS
      • BIRD (Linux)
    • Set Up an RPKI Validator (Optional)
    • Monitor RPKI status
      • Check ROA coverage
      • Test Prefix validation
    • Enforce RPKI in BGP Policies
    • Verify Deployment
  • Defending from DDoS
    • On-Premises mitigations
      • Network hardening
      • Rate limiting
      • Traffic scrubbing (DIY)
    • ISP/Transit Provider responsibilities
    • Cloud-Based protection (3rd Party)
    • Application-layer defences
      • Web Application Firewall (WAF):
      • Rate Limiting
    • Emergency response plan
  • GDPR compliance checklist
    • Step-by-Step GDPR compliance check
      • Data mapping & inventory
      • Legal basis & consent
      • User Rights (Articles 15-22)
      • Security Measures
      • Third-Party Compliance
      • Documentation & accountability
    • Free GDPR compliance tools
  • Adopting Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)
    • For Developers: Integrate PQC Libraries
    • For Sysadmins: Prepare for PQ migration
  • Enabling DoH/DoT in browsers
    • Firefox
    • Chrome/Edge
    • System-Wide DoT (Linux/macOS)
    • Verify DoH/DoT
Network mitigations
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Introduction

  • Protect router management

  • Upgrade router firmware

  • Port forwarding

  • Services audit

  • Off

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